Common and Rare Side Effects of Xanax

Common and Rare Side Effects of Xanax Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Common and Rare Side Effects of Xanax By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Tara Moore / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis Xanax is the brand name for the drug alprazolam, a type of benzodiazepine that is sometimes prescribed to treat panic disorder and other anxiety conditions. Common side effects of Xanax include dizziness, dry mouth, drowsiness, headache, and slurred speech, but there are some effects that are rarer. If you or someone you love is taking Xanax or alprazolam (the generic version), you should be aware of the potential side effects, as well as the effects of overdose and discontinuation. According to a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, alprazolam is the third most commonly prescribed psychiatric drug in the U.S.?? Xanax Side Effects Check with your doctor if any of the following side effects are pervasive or are bothersome: More Common: Dry mouth; sleepiness; drowsiness; clumsiness or unsteadiness; dizziness or light-headedness; speech disturbances.?? Less Common or Rare: Gastrointestinal disturbances; blurred vision or other changes in vision; changes in sexual desire or ability; a headache; increased saliva; muscle spasm; problems urinating; trembling or shaking; unusual tiredness or weakness; weight changes.?? When to Notify Your Doctor Contact your doctor if you experience the following side effects: Less Common: Anxiety; confusion (may be more common in the elderly); fast, pounding or irregular heartbeat; memory disturbances. Rare: Abnormal thinking, disorientation, delusions or agitation; behavior changes, including aggressive behavior, bizarre behavior, decreased inhibition or outbursts of anger; convulsions (seizures); hallucinations; hypotension (low blood pressure); muscle weakness; skin rash or itching; sore throat, fever, and chills; ulcers or sores in mouth or throat; uncontrolled movements of body, including the eyes; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual excitement, nervousness or irritability; unusual tiredness or weakness (severe); yellow eyes or skin.?? Xanax Withdrawal Side Effects   Xanax dependence may occur within a relatively short period of time, especially at higher dosages. Tolerance can also occur quickly, so people may find themselves needing to take more of the drug to achieve the same effects that they initially experienced. For this reason, Xanax should be tapered off. Tapering involves gradually reducing the dosage of the drug in order to minimize potential withdrawal effects. There is a higher risk of withdrawal effects if the drug is stopped abruptly. More Common: Irritability; nervousness; insomnia; anxiety; light-headedness; a headache; fatigue; nausea or vomiting; weight loss; decreased appetite; sweating; unusual involuntary movement.?? Less Common: Abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting; fast or pounding heartbeat; increased physical sensitivities; increased sweating; delusions, hallucination, cognitive disturbances, muscle cramps or abnormal movements. Rare (Notify Your Doctor Immediately): Confusion of time, place or person; convulsions (seizures); feelings of suspicion or distrust; hallucinations. Xanax Overdose Side Effects   Side effects of a Xanax overdose include confusion (continuing); convulsions (seizures); drowsiness (severe) or coma; shakiness; abnormal heartbeat; slow reflexes; slurred speech (continuing); staggering; troubled breathing; weakness (severe). Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your doctor.

Intergenerational Interview Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Integration with text According to Brown and Lowis (2003), individuals within their 80s and 90s develop new demands, difficulties, and re-evaluations that require adequate confrontation and discussion achievable by designating a ninth stage that would clarify such challenges (Brown & Lowis, 2003). This proposition was earlier made by Erikson himself, and the researchers in the study only targeted at investigating if such a stage could be established and hold significance for individuals beyond the eighth stage, characterized by â€Å"integrity† versus â€Å"despair†. The findings of the study revealed that human beings are constantly developing psychologically and spiritually, all through their lifespan, for as long as they may live. According to the authors of the article, such knowledge is of great importance in terms of comforting those individuals that are aging, and of value to relatives, caregivers, and friends who can gain in terms of developing in-depth understanding of the superfic ial behaviour of the elderly (Brown & Lowis, 2003). Conclusion From the interview I conducted with Catherine, one of the most important things I learned is the importance of having interests, as one grows old. We will write a custom essay sample on Intergenerational Interview or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Such interests may either be creative, intellectual, or social. At an advanced age, such interests should not be necessarily directed towards achieving certain objectives or goals, as they are mostly important in maintaining self-identity. Erikson’s contradiction between â€Å"integrity† and â€Å"despair† does not clearly capture the niceties of growing old. These are just the end states that one attains after growing old, but do not involve the process of growing old. Erikson’s stages of psychological were highly important in understanding Catherine and her current state of psychological development. Interview questions and responses 1. What makes this stage of your life different from the rest? Catherine explained that she had faced a series of health issues including dependency, mobility, and ability to carry out activities. She mentioned that she could no longer walk and that she needed a walker to move from one place to another within the house. She also mentioned her loneliness given that she was initially used to her family members including her husband and two daughters, yet she now lives in an assisted care facility. 2. What personal events significantly shaped your life? According to Catherine, he earlier life as she grew up in her town of birth, in the Midwest, was one of the most important parts of her life as she had kind and loving parents, although somehow distant from her.

The Regulation And Taxation Of Marijuana Act - 1618 Words

November,8, 2016 the ballots were dispersed and votes were submitted. Question four on the ballot was known as the â€Å"The Regulation and Taxation of Marijuana Act.† The numbers came in and beginning December 15, 2016 in Massachusetts, individuals above the age of twenty-one will now be able to legally purchase, possess, cultivate, and use marijuana, with limitations on quantity, for recreational and medicinal use under the statutes of the state laws. While the prohibition of marijuana in Massachusetts has ended, many new movements must now begin to maintain, regulate, and pursue a positive outcome. With other states that have already passed such laws, such as Colorado, Massachusetts will begin to piggyback off their models. Developing a system that will hopefully come to fruition of all the possibilities and benefits this new law has promised. One of the greatest appeals of this law was the revenue that would be brought in from the sales of products of marijuana. Not only will the Commonwealth be able to implement an excise tax of 3.75%, there will also be an optional local sales tax of up to two percent of the total sales price by the retailer that will be directly applied to the city or town in which it was implemented. All revenue including state taxes, application and licensing fees, and civil fines will be placed in a Marijuana Regulation Fund and distributed for the usage of administrative fees, enforcement officials, and regulation staffing. Administrative fees willShow MoreRelatedAlternative Course Of Action :1355 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative course of Action: A. Alternative #1 – Do nothing and keep current legislation When it comes to medicinal cannabis and its regulation, we have the chance to keep the current legislation. This would include requiring potential patients to visit a certified doctor or practitioner in order to receive an official license. After obtaining this license the patient can then take their license into the government distribution facility . Once they have taken it in, the dosage will be confirmedRead MoreShould Cannabis Be Legalised?1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine whether cannabis should be legalised in Australia. In most Western countries, Cannabis has been viewed as a dangerous narcotic, dating back to the 20th century, whilst a number of legislation acts have been put in place to prohibit this drug such as, the Geneva Convention Dangerous Drugs Act (1925), Individual country legislation: Great Britain, (1928); Australia (1928); USA, (1937) and the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, (1961). Australia has decriminalised cannabis since 1987 in allRead More Drugs and Alcohol Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesrecreational use. In the United States, marijuana has been and continues to be a very controversial drug. Some states have allowed marijuana consumption for medicinal purposes, while others have completely outlawed the drug. Those who are against the legalization and regulation of marijuana suggest the economical and health risk associated with consumption of the drug are too high. Although there is risk involved with the legalization of the marijuana, our country has already been risking tooRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Be Legalized1432 Words   |  6 Pages The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many positive arguments to support the idea. It has been scientifically proven that marijuana is not a health risk and that it is less toxic than alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin. It has helped many people with h ealth problems, such as, Aids, Cancer, Epilepsy, and many more. It would also bring in a large amount of tax revenue; further proving that marijuana should be legalized throughout the United States. ThereRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan The Economic Case2418 Words   |  10 Pages LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA IN THE US: THE ECONOMIC CASE. BIE COOKEY-GAM ECONOMICS 280 DECEMBER 4TH 2014 JOHN WRIGHT ABSTRACT This paper intends to outline the benefits of legalization of marijuana, show the possible negative externalities from making a once illegal drug, fully legal and regulated. ItRead MoreThe Drug Prohibition Of The United States Of America1629 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumption. For instance, in the Netherland and Switzerland, where marijuana is legalized, the consumption rate is lower than in the United States of America, where consumption of Marijuana is prohibited in most of the states. This study argues for the legalization of the consumption of drugs and decriminalization of possession and use of drugs in the United States of America. Drugs were legal for many years before the 1914 Harrison Act. The period of massive availability of drugs and the consumptionRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, and theRead MoreMarijuana Legalization : A Missed Opportunity For California1635 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis Legalization, A Missed Opportunity for California It has been estimated that the legalization and subsequent taxation (excise and sales tax) of cannabis in California could generate anywhere between $990 million and $1.4 billion annually in tax revenue. Additionally it has been estimated that legalization could reduce statewide enforcement costs by $150 million annually. Considering the number of human service agencies, departments, and programs that have had their budgets either significantlyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 Pagesnews about crime is the pharmaceutical industry. Marijuana in the United States, with the exception of a few states, is illegal and pharmaceutical corporations want to keep it that way. They influence the news and legislators by providing information on the effects of marijuana as well as give money to other corporations to keep prohibition of marijuana around. Even though marijuana could be used for medicinal purpose, self-cultivation of marijuana pose a risk financially to pharmaceu tical companiesRead More Decriminalization and Regulation of Marijuana Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesMarijuana has a long standing history of being one of the most controversial substances in America. While the history or the Cannabis plant indicates not only acceptance as a useful plant, but even advocated as a source of revenue and medicinal usage, much of the United States government propaganda over the last 100+ years has led Americans to accept very slighted and often false information about the plant and its uses. Based on the origin of the illegalization of marijuana and the inconsistent

Porter and Bogusky advertising Free Essays

The move to Crispin, Porter and Bogusky advertising was one of the wisest moves that Burger King CEO Brad Blum could have made. From previously declining sales, Crispin advertising was able to change all that through its out of the box advertising campaigns. Although ultimately Burger King sales went up, it did not necessarily mean that the market and the critics were impressed. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter and Bogusky advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following is a short discussion on most and least helpful of these campaigns and their impact on the potential market of Burger King. Crispin used several consumer sales promotions items to help boost the sales of Burger King. Out of those discussed in the readings, the Coq Roq campaign was least helpful. Although sales of Chicken Fries were very strong, the use of a heavy metal band and too commercialized overly focused on the promotion of the band rather than the product it was trying to sell. Worse, shortened the reach of the company to only its current target market and isolated it from the rest of its potential market, by making their advertising too specific to a particular market. Unlike the Coq Roq campaign, the Have it your way campaign was the most helpful. It was able to address the underlying desire of consumers of being made to feel individual and special. It showed consumers that their needs and wants came first, and this was portrayed by a quirky television commercial of two men in an office racing to create their own burger. In addition, the online campaign â€Å"subservient chicken,† which was connected with the have it your way campaign drew in more customers by using word of mouth, or in this case by sharing it with friends through e-mail. By this kind of promotion, Crispin was able to expand Burger Kings target market by the use of a campaign that was friendly to a wider market. By this method of advertising it accomplished what the Coq Roq campaign was unable to, that is it allowed the image of Burger King to be more â€Å"market friendly,† attracting other segments of the market. How to cite Porter and Bogusky advertising, Papers

Risks and Opportunities in China and South Africa Commercial Risks

Question: Discuss about theRisks and Opportunities in China and South Africa for Commercial Risks. Answer: Introduction The evaluation of the different types of the risk factors, as well as the opportunities, is considered to be vital for the establishment of a business within a selected firm. There are some of the commercial risks which affect the marketing and business strategies of international companies in various countries (Armstrong, 2014). This research paper will help in reflecting the commercial risks, financial risks as well as the different kinds of country risk factors for execution of the business process in China and South Africa. Evaluation of Commercial Risks The different commercial risks merely refer to the critical losses which arise from the concerned market segments or the respective trade partners. The most frequent risks are the loosing of the financial and confidential documents, mostly for those owners who resides outside of china and have their business in China. The management of the commercial risks throughout china has increased significantly as soon as there has been a rise in the difficulties of the countrys economy (Darst, 2013). The growth in the supply of money was found to be low for china prior the year 1978, there were certain commercial risks from the low supply, planned and the steady flow of the money and the financial system (Darst, 2013). Soon, the demand for money as well as the credit increased giving rise to the inflation rate and therefore these risks are considered to be of the potential threat for any of the company planning to settle its business process throughout the concerned market segments of china. M oving, to South Africa the commercial risks affects the economy development of the country to some extent. Poverty, hike in the food prices, scarcity, agricultural policies, and rights and the climate change are seen to be the most crucial commercial risks throughout South Africa (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011). The food security is one of the repaid growing concerns for the government of South Africa. On the other hand, poverty is one of the crucial factors that affect the economic growth of any firm executing its business process in South Africa. Evaluation of Currency (Financial) Risks It has been seen that the change in the exchange rates plays a vital role in the companies' executing their respective business processes internationally (Forests under climate change: potential risks and opportunities, 2015). There are categories under the financial risk management section; they are capital management, operational risks, credit risks, treasury and market risk, regulatory risk, insurance and the actuarial risks. Throughout Africa and the different regions of east Africa, the management and the mitigation of the different market risks are considered to be of very important. Moving to the next is the capital management risk which affects the business model of the existing company as well as to the new company entering it to the market segments. China is having a large amount of debt as compared with the other developing nations and it is recorded that the economys financial debt has tripled over the past few years. Moreover, it has become very difficult for china to de ploy all the concerned capital productively over a shortest possible time (Internationalization in Egypt: Risks and Opportunities, 2012). For many of the companies, it was very difficult to make the banking loans secured with the help of the shadow banking systems. Evaluation of Country Risks In order to execute and establish a particular business within a country, the most crucial is to identify the factors which can affect the business growth of the company concerned. The business climate and the credit risks of china need to be recognized as these factors can help in generating a good amount of the sales revenue for the firm by reducing the various other losses. The expansion of the shadow banking and the increase in the high debt makes it very difficult for any company to get settle its business process throughout the china (Jahn, 2012). Moreover, there are potential risks in South Africa which need to be identified by the various companies planning to expand its market segments in South Africa. Poverty inequalities are major risks and cause potential threat to the businesses as to settle their business methods in South Africa. There are sources of social risks which can affect the business process of any firm in various other ways (Lammle, 2011). The infrastructures including the transport along with the energy are two of the major shortcomings which are considered to be the major risks of South Africa. Evaluation of Cross-Cultural Risks The cross-cultural management is of vast importance as the diverse cultures in an organization results in conflicts between the employees associated with the firm. Some of the top cross-cultural risks are as follows, unable to understand the local market demands, failing in recognizing the subculture and the regional differences, failing in understanding the local practices of concerned businesses, failing in adaptation of effective cross-cultural management practices. It has been seen that there are different cultures of people coming from globally throughout South Africa among whose conflicts takes place (Saaty and Vargas, 2013). Therefore, it becomes very crucial to maintain the effectiveness of the employees by providing them suitable training regarding the business needs and by making them understand regarding the cooperation in the workplace (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher, 2012). Furthermore, china is also facing the same problem regarding the employees coming from different count ries. Therefore these are the risks which merely affects in reducing the profitability and growth of the concerned country within the particular country. The facts reflected about South Africa and China critically evaluates that the financial and the different types of the country risks needs to be identified in order to increase the desired growth of the business processes of the firm. Recommendations on Entry Strategies The entry strategies are of much importance for the establishment of a company within the selected countries. Higher volatility throughout the business market segments crucially affects the development and growth of a concerned business. Some of the recommended strategies are exporting, licensing, franchising, management contracting, contract manufacturing and Turnkey projects. Identification of Advantages and Disadvantages for Recommended Entry Strategies Franchising Advantages It is the crucial way of gaining the different types of foreign returns on the name of customer service, trades as well as the assets. The primary advantage is that it has the limited financial commitments which help in retaining the maximum profits to the firm concerned. Moreover, it involves a commitment for the longer time in the selected country, as for example McDonald Corporation (Werner, 2014). There is royalty throughout the payment process received from the different companies. The firm gets relieved from many of the costs as well as the potential risks for opening new market segments. Disadvantages There are certain disadvantages such as no location of the economies as there remains no manufacturing. There remain crucial risks regarding the reputation of the primary company throughout worldwide. Exporting Advantages There is an easy implementation of these strategies throughout the countries concerned. Less investment along with the minimal risks are other major advantages of this process which helps in evaluating the growth of the concerned firm (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher, 2012). Disadvantages There are certain other logical difficulties and the process is less suitable for the service products. The transportation costs sometimes became higher as well as uneconomical. Licensing Advantages It permits the respective firm to go beyond the barriers of investment and enhance its business processes. It is frequently used while the firm retains the intangible property. Disadvantages The major disadvantage is that the inconsistency may affect the products or the goods concerned in a negative way. It does not provide the firm full or complete control over the manufacturing along with the marketing process. Contract Manufacturing Advantages The client needs not to do the purchasing of the raw materials as well as the manufacturing facilities. It increases the percentages of the economic scale. Disadvantages Less management and the complexity are some of its vital disadvantages. There are potential quality issues, potential security as well as the confidentiality issues. Conclusion/Summary of the Discussion Identification of the country, financial and the cross-cultural risks are of great importance, as they create an enormous impact on the execution of the business process of the firm. The paper presents the evaluation of the different types of the financial risks of South Africa along with China business market segments. References Armstrong, M. (2014).Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. Darst, D. (2013).Portfolio investment opportunities in China. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Darst, D. (2013).Portfolio investment opportunities in managed futures. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Fabozzi, F. and Markowitz, H. (2011).The theory and practice of investment management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Forests under climate change: potential risks and opportunities. (2015).Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 24(2), pp.157-172. Hughes, R., Kinder, A. and Cooper, C. (2012).International handbook of workplace trauma support. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Internationalization in Egypt: Risks and Opportunities. (2012).CBR, 11(09). Jahn, H. (2012). Chinas Megacities: Risks, Opportunities and Environmental Health.Public Health Forum, 20(2). Lammle, T. (2011).CCNA. Hoboken: Sybex [Imprint]. Saaty, T. and Vargas, L. (2013).Decision making with the analytic network process. New York: Springer. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Werner, J. (2014). Human Resource Development Human Resource Management: So What Is It?.Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), pp.127-139.

Black Berries Essay Example

Black Berries Essay In the poems â€Å"Blackberrying† and â€Å"Blackberries† the authors Sylvia Plath and Yusef Komunyakaa both use diction, imagery, and figurative language to establish symbols that work to impact the overall tone of the poem. In â€Å"BlackBerrying† Sylvia Plath uses blackberries to symbolize her loneliness. While Komunyakaa uses blackberries to symbolize his innocence in a world were the rich look down on the poor. First of all, Plath and Komunyakaa both use symbols that impact the overall tone of their poems. Sylvia Plath demonstrates her emotional struggle and her need of company by stating she has a bond â€Å"blood sisterhood† with the berries and were she believes â€Å"they must love† her (Line 8). She is alone in the woods and the blackberries which are symbolic of imaginary people are her only company. This emphasizes her loneliness since she is imagining that the blackberries are people who are offering her their love. The thought of being alone for Plath is a fear she has and to have blackberries as your company is how she creates a frightening tone. She continues this frightening tone when she sees the â€Å"choughs in black† which she describes as cacophonous. Choughs are black birds with red feet, symbolic for death, and their cacophonous (discordant) noise which is symbolic for her inner voice screaming at her things she doesn’t want to hear. Clearly, Plath through the use of these words is able to show how she is depressed and afraid. Later on she see’s a â€Å"bush of flies† indicating the berries are rotten and the choughs are feasting on this (Line 15-16). We will write a custom essay sample on Black Berries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Black Berries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Black Berries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The bush of flies is probably symbolic for her soul, deteriorating because she is depressed and the choughs in this case are symbolic of loneliness and death which is slowly eating away her soul. This further increases the dark and ominous tone and Plath is able to show this to the reader through the use of symbols and their emotional impact. In contrast, Komunyakaa uses diction and symbols to show how his innocence is taken away by a society where he is looked down upon. Komunyakaa demonstrates his innocence when he eats berries with one hand and with the other puts them in the gallon as part of his work (Line 9-10). He like any child takes work as play and see’s no wrong in doing hard labor yet he is unaware that he like many others is being taken advantage of. The blackberries in here symbolize his innocence which helps build up the poem to the part where he becomes aware of the truth. When, Komunyakaa has collected enough he goes to the city to sell the blackberries, here is where he finds himself â€Å"Limboed between worlds† (Line 18). Komunyakaa references the Bible throughout the poem, for instance the Limbo is where non-Christians go after death and this limbo is in between Earth and Heaven. The limbo is symbolic for his feeling of being stuck between two worlds since he has now seen the contrast between the rich (Heaven) and poor (Earth). This symbolism plays an important role in impacting the tone because his idea of life as he is experiencing, isn’t what he thought it to be. Komunyakaa realizes how the poor are belittled and looked down on when the girl and boy are â€Å"in the wide seat Smirking† (Line 21-23). His usage of words are effective in letting the reader know that the girl and boy are symbolic of rich â€Å"wealthy† since he describes their car as wide and with air-conditioning. This usage of words lets the reader know that the girl and boy are more privileged since they seem to have an attitude where they feel superior to Komunyakaa because of what they own. Also, the reader can see the disillusioned tone where Komunyakaa is looked at as inferior and it’s then he realizes his people are just slaves that work for the rich. Furthermore, Plath and Komunyakaa use imagery to convey how symbols impact the tone of their poems. Plath, while alone in the woods see’s â€Å"bits of burnt paper wheeling in a blown sky† (Line 11). The â€Å"bits of paper† are symbolic of the choughs and â€Å"in a blown sky† meaning in flight. This aids in creating a dark feeling to the poem for the fact that she is alone and the visual imagery of death or misery flying in the air shows she is afraid of what might happen. Then, she hears only their voice â€Å"protesting, protesting† (Line 12). Plath uses auditory imagery here to create a frightening scene for the audience so they can imagine what she is going through. The choughs protesting symbolizes her inner voice screaming things she fears, screaming for help, and screaming what she doesn’t want to hear. This symbolism impacts the tone by making it more frightening since the author is stuck with her loud thoughts and alone. The sea which stated earlier in the poem is for her some sort of hope which she can barely see. And when she is brought by a hook to where she thinks is the sea instead brings her to â€Å"a great space† looking out at nothing (Line 23-25). This is visual imagery that Plath uses to say she has come to an end (great space) and see’s no solution to her problem (nothing). The great space which is empty symbolizes a void in her soul/mind which she has reached. Indicating that she is fighting against this loneliness that haunts her but she realizes that she sees no hope when she reaches that great space. This symbolism impacts the tone greatly since what Plath was afraid that she would have to face has finally come. On the other hand, Komunyakaa uses symbols in imagery to illustrate the impact it has on the overall tone. He exemplifies this when he says, â€Å"They left my hands like a printer’s† (Line 1). Komunyakaa uses visual imagery since his hands were left like a printer filled with ink. The stains on his hands meaning the stains of blackberry juice after picking so many of them in his work. This work he does which causes his hands to be stained puts him in a position where he is feeling ashamed. Basically saying that he works hard and all he gets is stains meaning the traumas or scars that life leaves after an experience. At first, he see’s no problem with having stained hands since he has the mind of an innocent child who doesn’t care about being dirty. But after he realizes that in society image is of importance, he knows the rich kids make fun of him as â€Å"wintertime† coming from the window’s of their car hits him (Line 20). Wintertime symbolizes the cold look he gets from the children as if judging him for being poor and dirty while they are of high income and this shows tactile imagery. This contributes to the tone of disillusionment since he is well aware now that society looks down at people like him and they are seen as dirty, worthless and this makes him feel guilty. After the car leaves he remembers he is dirty and his fingers are â€Å"burning with thorns† (Line 24). This as well is tactile imagery because his hands are feeling the burn from the thorns of blackberry vines. His fingers â€Å"burning with thorns† is symbolic of himself feeling exposed and ashamed that he is looked at as an inferior for being poor. This can also be an allusion to the Bible were Adam and Eve feel exposed because of their nudity. This is where symbolism has the most impact because Komunyakaa lost his innocence and knows see’s the distinction between poor and rich. Finally, Plath and Komunyakaa use figurative language to establish symbols that impact the tone of the poems. Plath says she see’s a sea at the end of a path â€Å"heaving† meaning that the waves are moving (Line 3-4) The sea at the end of a path symbolizes hope for Plath which is what she wishes for. Plath feels scared and the only thing that can provide comfort for her is the sea which she hopes to get closer to. Being in a forest alone contributes to a frightening tone however the sea is the solution for her. As she tries to get closer to the sea she finds herself â€Å"between two hills† and the wind hits her with its â€Å"phantom laundry† (Line 19-21). The figurative language she uses here is personification in which the wind hits her with the phantom laundry which are the leaves described as having ghost-like qualities. When Plath is hit by the leaves she realizes that she has to be practical and try to find a solution to her problems. This phantom laundry can symbolize problems in her life which she has to overcome in order to find inner peace. It can also symbolize a ghost or something that haunts her which she has to overcome. This symbol contributes to a frightening tone because we get the image of her being in the woods with this wind that seems as if controlled by a ghost. Finally, when Plath reaches the end of her journey she finds herself in front of nothing â€Å"beating and beating at an intractable metal† (Line 27). Repetition is the figurative language Plath uses in this line. Plath places emphasis on â€Å"beating and beating† as if stuck here in a void trying to get out but can’t because the â€Å"intractable metal† won’t let her. This intractable metal is symbolic of the fear or misery that doesn’t let her be happy and keeps her in a lonely state and this creates a frightening tone. By contrast, Komunyakaa uses figurative language to make symbols that contribute to his tone of disillusionment. He makes reference to the biblical symbols when he describes blackberries falling into a â€Å"garland of thorns† and in turn the â€Å"damp ground was consecrated† (Line 5-6). The â€Å"garland of thorns† is symbolical of the crown of thorns on Jesus head and â€Å"consecrated† meaning that the blackberries made the ground holy. It’s as if Komunyakaa is saying that blackberries falling from heaven make the ground on Earth holy. This shows his innocence by saying that the work he does is a great job and he doesn’t see the bad side of it but later he finds out that his work is unappreciated. Then, when he says â€Å"I could smell old lime-covered History† he sort of knows that there is some sort of injustice but since he is a child he doesn’t understand the full meaning of this. Komunyakaa alludes historical events in which the poor have been mistreated by the rich but his age makes him not understand this so well. He probably heard other adults talking about this but like any child they don’t really pay attention. It’s not until he experiences injustice for himself that he realizes how his people are mistreated which is why symbolism contributes to the disillusioned tone. Finally, this is how Plath and Komunyakaa use diction, imagery, and figurative language to establish symbols that impact the overall tone of the poems. Basically, â€Å"Blackberrying† by Sylvia Plath uses symbols to make a frightening tone stating that she is alone and she looks for help but can’t find it. It’s her way of expressing her cry for help and desire to be loved and noticed. While in Komunyakaa â€Å"Blackberries† he uses a lot of religious symbols to show how his innocence is taken away by a society where the poor are worthless. The symbols impact the disillusioned tone by starting out with him having the innocence of a child. Then, being stuck in a limbo and finally experiencing for himself how it is to be mistreated by the rich.

How to Connect with Book Clubs

How to Connect with Book Clubs It can be difficult to find sources that allow authors access to book clubs. Clubs often like to choose their own books. So what’s an author to do if she doesn’t have a Top 5 publisher promoting her to clubs? Here are a few proven options that use a variety of methods and budgets to reach book clubs, plus free tips if you can’t afford the cost. For Book Club Lists: Where Writers Win Shari Stauch is CEO and creator of an online marketing site for emerging writers,  Where Writers Win. The site puts authors in charge of their own marketing for a reasonable annual fee. â€Å"Winner Circle is a place where you can find a list of vetted book clubs that you may approach and pitch your book as a book club selection.† The clubs on this site are up to date and open to pitches, and a template for querying clubs is provided. Writers such as William Lobb and J.C. Sasser have used it successfully. Both were picked up Stauch is offering a discount: $20 off the first year of membership; use code VIPW20 to pay $39.95. Visit  https://writerswin.com/join-today/  to sign up/access these book club lists. And This Free Tip:  Use Twitter and Goodreads to find book club bloggers, and check in at local libraries to see if they host book clubs. Some bookstores do as well. For Book Club Giveaways and Outreach: BookClubCookbook Since 2004,  BookClubCookbook.com  has been connecting fiction and nonfiction authors and publishers with thousands of devoted book discussion group members. I used them in 2010 and spoke to several book clubs that contacted me after finding the book on the site. They’ve grown exponentially since then. â€Å"It’s a loyal community of book lovers sharing books, recipes, and ideas to spice up book club discussions. . . . . Our promotions highlight messages from authors, book tours, book club speaking availability, and offer giveaways. We also provide author recipes and book club menu ideas, and are happy to help authors select or develop recipes to accompany their promotions,† writes cofounder Judy Gelman. See opportunities for authors and publishers. For children’s, MG, and YA authors, see the KidsBookClubbing. And This Free Tip:  Include contact information on your website specifically soliciting book clubs; join Skype for long distance interviews/talks. For Book Club Advertising: AuthorBuzz For me, AuthorBuzz was invaluable for putting me directly in touch with readers, increasing my mailing list Bookmovement advertises giveaways and new releases and provides reading guides and book lists to clubs. Contact either  AuthorBuzz.com  or  KidsBuzz.com  to start your promotional package. Packages can be customized, but the basic price for reaching this large number of book clubs is $750 for â€Å"BookClubbing.† Pricey, but this site has repeat customers and has launched many bestsellers. Note KidsBuzz has lower advertising rates. See kids pricing page.   And This Free Tip:  Posting on YouTube is free. Upload a video of you reading an excerpt and include a pitch to book clubs. Finally, be sure to develop a Reader’s Guide you can upload to your site or put at the back of the book, never be pushy when contacting clubs directly, and send thank you’s if you are selected or interviewed.